Comparison of omadacycline and meropenem plus linezolid in treatment of pulmonary infection: A real-world cohort study / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of omacycline with meropenem plus linezolid in the treatment of patients with pulmonary infection.Methods:The clinical data of 58 patients with pulmonary infection admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital and Jiande First People’s Hospital from December 2021 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the omacycline group ( n=29) and the meropenem combined with linezolid group (combined group, n=29). The omacycline group was given intravenous omacycline 200 mg or 100 mg, q. d, and the combined group was given intravenous meropenem (1 000 mg, t.i.d) and linezolid (600 mg, b. i.d). The clinical efficacy and drug-related adverse events of two groups were observed. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results:In the omacycline group, 8 cases (27.6%, 8/29) were cured, 19 cases (65.5%, 19/29) were improved, and 2 cases (6.9%, 2/29) were worsened. In the combined group, 1 case (3.4%, 1/29) was cured, 26 cases (89.7%, 26/29) were improved, and 2 cases (6.9%, 2/29) died. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=6.533, P=0.038). The respiratory failure occurred in 3 cases (10.3%, 3/29) of the omacycline group and 5 cases (17.2%, 5/29) of the combined group ( χ2=0.580, P=0.446). In those patients who were cured or improved, the median time from treatment initiation to disease remission was 3.0 (2.0, 5.5) d in the omacycline group and 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) d in the combined group ( Z=-2.122, P=0.034). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups [6.9% (2/29) vs. 13.8% (4/29), χ2=0.744, P=0.389]. Conclusion:Omacycline exhibits a good efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with pulmonary infection, which may be prioritized for the treatment of pulmonary infections.

Research progress on pharmacological characteristics，safety and drug combination of remimazolam / 中国药房

Remimazolam （toluenesulfonate） is a new type of ultra short-acting water-soluble benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug， which was launched in China on December 26， 2019， for sedation during routine gastroscopy and colonoscopy as well as induction and maintenance under general anesthesia， breaking a 30-year period in which no innovative sedation drugs were marketed in China. This article reviewed the pharmacological characteristics， safety and combined use of remimazolam. Remimazolam had the advantages of high clearance rate， short action time， rapid recovery， stable hemodynamics， and low respiratory inhibition. It is independent of liver and kidney metabolism， and can be quickly antagonized by flumazenil， with little impact on the cognitive function of patients. Remimazolam has shown good respiratory and circulatory stability in combination with intravenous anesthetics such as propofol and esketamine， and opioid analgesics such as sufentanil， remifentanil， and alfentanil， as well as advantages such as rapid awakening and recovery. However， its safety still needs to be further monitored and explored during clinical use.

Current progress in the treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Nonarterial anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)is a group of common optic nerve diseases that seriously endanger visual function. It is resulted from insufficient perfusion of the posterior ciliary artery, which causes acute ischemia, structural and functional disorders of the optic nerve, and ultimately leads to hypopsia and even vision loss. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease is complex. It is nowadays considered that multiple factors including local anatomy, risk of systemic vascular cause this disease together, which result in no clear, unified and recognized treatment. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment are of great significance in the prognosis of NAION. Possible therapeutic methods include etiological treatment, drug therapy, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment, combined medication, optic nerve sheath decompression, adjuvant treatments and exosomes. With the continuous development and application of various anti-NAION drugs in recent years, a variety of therapeutic methods have been proposed, especially with the exosomes as the research focus. In order to better treat NAION with improvement of the cure rate and guidance for clinical work, this paper mainly reviews the progress in the treatment of NAION in recent years.

Complex Network Analysis of Xiyanping Injection in Treatment of Bronchitis Based on Real World / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the group modules of Chinese medicine and western medicine for the treatment of bronchitis patients with Xiyanping injection based on the real world to provide references for the clinical treatment of bronchitis with Chinese medicine and western medicine. Method:Medical records of 13 874 patients with bronchitis treated by Xiyanping injection were extracted from 29 hospital information systems （HISs） in China，and complex network analysis was carried out using Tabu Search algorithm to obtain the substructure and associated information of core drug combination of Xiyanping injection for the treatment of bronchitis and to analyze clinical medication protocols. Result:Medication protocols for the pathogens of bronchitis are listed below： Xiyanping injection + cefuroxime for bacterial infection. Xiyanping injection + interferon for viral infection. Xiyanping injection + azithromycin for mycoplasma infection. According to the clinical symptoms and complications of bronchitis， the appropriate medication protocols were as follows： Xiyanping injection + ambroxol + Feilike mixture + ibuprofen for uncomplicated bronchitis. Xiyanping injection + ipratropium bromide + budesonide + salbutamol for asthmatic bronchitis. Xiyanping injection + mannitol + furosemide + phenobarbital + gangliosides + immunoglobulin for bronchitis complicated with viral encephalitis. Xiyanping injection + creatine phosphate sodium + vitamin C for bronchitis complicated with viral myocarditis. The combined medication of Chinese medicine for the treatment of bronchitis was adopted based on its characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion:The data of this study were derived from the real world. The combined medications protocols of Xiyanping injection targeting the clinical symptoms and complications of bronchitis were extracted and summarized. However， it is necessary to formulate an individualized medication protocol according to the specific condition.

Analysis of 131 cases of COVID-19 treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction / 中国中药杂志

In this study, Donghua Hospital information management system and Meikang clinical pharmacy management system were used to collect medical records of all inpatients diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in Wuhan Third Hospital. The statistics was based on the data of the cases treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction, including demographic statistics, clinical cha-racteristics before medication, outcome of after medication and efficacy of drug combination. Excel 2003 and SPSS Clementine 12.0 software were used to conduct statistics on the included cases, and Apriori algorithm and association rules were used for the association analysis on drug combination. A total of 131 cases of COVID-19 were treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction combined with Chinese and Western medicine. All of the patients were cured and discharged. The drug combination mainly included Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction, abidor, Lianhua Qingwen, moxifloxacin, Qiangli Pipa Lu, vitamin C, glycyrrhizinate diammonium, pantoprazole and Shufeng Jiedu. There is a certain regularity and effectiveness in the treatment of COVID-19 infection patients with the combination of Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction and other drugs, but the rationality and safety still need to be further verified.

Clinical characteristics and combined medication of Suxiao Jiuxin Pills in 16 856 elderly patients in real world study / 中国中药杂志

From 2001 to 2015, medical data of 16 856 elderly patients aged 65 years and over who used Suxiao Jiuxin Pills in the information system of 37 tertiary A-level hospitals were collected. After standardized analysis, it was found that the average age of 16 856 elderly patients was 72.48 years, and the main admission departments were department of cardiology(19.30%) and geriatric department(9.77%). Generally, 61.96% of the degree of illness is average, and the average hospitalized days were 16.16 days; 47.97% of the patients were diagnosed as coronary heart disease by Western medicine, and 5.86% of the patients were diagnosed as Qi deficiency and blood stasis; The more common combination of Western medicine was isosorbide nitrate(61.15%), Aspirin Enteric Coated Tablets(50.77%) and Gansu(36.88%), the combination of traditional Chinese medicine is Compound Danshen Dropping Pills/Tablets(19.13%), Xuesaitong Capsules/Injection(15.01%), Shexiang Baoxin Pills(12.29%); the commonly used Western medicine is vasodilator(78.39%), Chinese medicine is Huoxue Huayu(82.04%), and the commonly used Western medicine is Aaspirin Enteric Coated Tablets+Isosorbide Nitrate. The author intends to explore the valuable clinical characteristics and the clues of the combined medication scheme, and find that the application of Suxiao Jiuxin Pills basically conforms to the instructions, conforms to the characteristics of the elderly with many common diseases and complicated concurrent diseases; the combination of drugs and the indications-coronary heart disease guidelines are consistent, with certain rules to follow, and expand the recognition of the clinical application of Suxiao Jiuxin Pills, and provide clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas.

Effect of Xingnaojing Injection in treatment of cerebral hemorrhage based on Tabu search algorithm:a real world study / 中国中药杂志

In this study, Tabu search algorithm was used to analyze the effect of Xingnaojing Injection in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage in the real world. Through the analysis of the results, the therapies based on the pathogeny of cerebral hemorrhage were screened out: Xingnaojing Injection+hemostatic drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing stasis. Cerebral hemorrhage complicated with brain edema: combined with mannitol or mannitol+aescin. The patients with relevant complications in the acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage could select according to the indications: ①Aminocycline+Oxiracetam+Piperacillin Sodium Sulbactam Sodium+Sodium Lactate Ringer; ②Aminocycline+Oxiracetam+Nifedipine+Captopril+Metoclopramide+Cimetidine; ③Insulin+Pantoprazole+So-dium Nitroprusside. The combined therapies for patients of the stable stage with complicating diseases could select according to the indications: ① Monosialotetrahexosyl Ganglioside Sodium+Deproteinized Calf Blood Serum+Nitroglycerin+Compound Potassium Dihydrogn Phosphate; ② Edaravone+Gangliosides+Captopril+Levofloxacin+Tanreqing Injection+Aminophylline. The analysis of subgroup module of drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis suggested that the safety of traditional Chinese medicine should be paid attention to in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. This study was based on the data of the real world, but with some problems, such as lack of data and confounding factors. The summarized medication plan is only for the reference of clinicians. The clinical application shall be based on the specific situation of patients and the clinical benefits and risks, and pay attention to the incompatibility.

Tabu search algorithm analysis on effect of Xingnaojing Injection in treatment of craniocerebral injury and complications in real world / 中国中药杂志

In this study, Tabu search algorithm was used to analyze the drug combination of Xingnaojing Injection in the treatment of brain injury and complications in the real world, and the clinical drug combination of Xingnaojing Injection in the treatment of brain injury and complications was selected and summarized. The combination of Xingnaojing Injection, Namefen and Citicoline were recommended in the treatment of brain injury and complications. For brain edema and nerve injury, Mannitol/Glycerol Fructose/Furosemide+Tetrahexose Monosialate Ganglioside Sodium should be recommended. For those with pulmonary infection, Xingnaojing Injection+Xiyanping+Ambroxol Hydrochloride+Tanreqing Injection should be recommended. For those with shock, Hydroxyethyl Starch+Dopamine Hydrochloride/Dobutamine Hydrochloride+Sodium Bicarbonate should be recommended. The combination reflected the characteristics of Chinese and Western medicine. The above medication regimen was only for clinicians' reference. The clinical application should be based on patients' specific conditions, clinical benefits and risks, as well as the incompatibility. On the basis of the findings, further studies can be carried out for prospective clinical efficacy evaluation and safety evaluation for a specific subgroup module.

Effect of celastrol combined medication on the inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation / 中国药科大学学报

@#To study the inhibitory effect of celastrol respectively combined with glycyrrhetic acid, paclitaxel, and rhein on the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line HepG2. The MTT method was used to detect the survival rate of HepG2 cells. The cooperativity index(CI)and Jin′s formula method were used to determine the synergistic effect. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were detected, too. The results show that celastrol, glycyrrhetinic acid, rhein, and paclitaxel alone can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells, respectively. Combination with glycyrrhetic acid, paclitaxel, and rhein, respectively, the inhibitory effect of celastrol on the proliferation of HepG2 cells was significantly enhanced. And the synergistic effect on the proliferation inhibition of HepG2 cells in some concentrations was displayed in the experiment. The cell apoptosis rate was improved(P< 0. 01)and more cells were arrested in G2/M phase. Celastrol respectively combined with glycyrrhetic acid, paclitaxel, and rhein displayed a synergistic inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells, and the effect was related to inducing cell apoptosis and increasing the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.

Research Strategy of Mechanism of Efficacy Enhancing and Toxicity Reducing of Antibiotics Combined with Chinese Medicine for Infectious Diseases / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The decreased efficacy and severe side effects of antibiotics, as well the increase of multidrug resistant pathogens are seriously threatening human health. It has become an urgent task for the whole world to actively respond to threats and establish effective prevention and control plans. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history with exact curative effect in the treatment of infectious diseases. It not only inhibits pathogens and eliminates endotoxin, but also has therapeutic effect on inflammation, immune abnormality and overall disorder caused by infection. Antibiotics mainly inhibit the pathogen itself, while the combination of TCM and antibiotics is complementary with each other and is considered as a feasible solution to the challenges. Some clinical observations have shown that TCM has potentiality of enhancing antibiotics efficiency and reducing toxicity. Exploring its mechanism is the necessary measure to optimize and popularize treatment regimen. Firstly, multi-level and multi-dimensional systematic pharmacology network analysis methods are used to predict the mechanism of TCM combined with antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, so as to provide the evidence for further empirical research and selection of test indicators. Then by following the principle of corresponding drug use in specific TCM syndromes, the antibiotics and TCM are individually and jointly applied to treat patients with specific syndrome conditions of infectious diseases. Besides routine and comprehensive evaluation of synergistic and attenuated effect of the combined drug use, multi-omics technique is also used to find the subtle effects of these two drugs at a molecular level. The sensitive and stable clinical biomarkers of synergism and attenuation of combined drug use are determined by using biomolecular network analysis technology. Finally, taking these biomarkers as clues, the biotransformation process and regulation mechanism of the biomarkers are traced back in animal models of infectious diseases and cell level, and all of these are clinically verified. As a result, the mechanism of efficacy enhancing and toxicity reducing of combined drug use can be revealed, providing basis for the promotion and application of such combined drug use.

Effect of ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine on onset and duration of transverse abdominis plane block / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To evaluate the effect of ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine on transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block guided by ultrasound and postoperative analgesia. Methods • A total of 180 patients (ASA grade I - II) undergoing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy were randomly divided into control group (Con group) and dexmedetomidine group (Dex group). At the end of the operations, the patients were sent to the recovery rooms. After 10 minutes, TAP block was performed under the guidance of ultrasound, and morphine intravenous self-controlled analgesia pump was given for postoperative analgesia. The patients in Con group received TAP block with 40 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine. The patients in Dex group received 40 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine containing 100 μg dexmedetomidine. The onset time, duration of the sensory nerve block, delay of the first press of morphine pump, and total amount of morphine within 48 h after the operation and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. Results • The onset time in Dex group was earlier than that in Con group (P=0.032), and the duration of analgesia effect was also longer (P=0.012). The delay of first morphine pump press was also significantly later than that in Con group (P=0.008), and total morphine consumption significantly reduced within 48 h after operation (P=0.001). In terms of heart rate and mean arterial pressure, they were all lower in Dex group than those in Con group. Conclusion • Ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine can be safely and effectively used in TAP block. Compared with ropivacaine alone, the combination can maintain a longer sensory block, which can significantly reduce postoperative opioid usage.

Recent advances in the antitumor effects of evodiamine / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Evodiamine is the natural component extracted from Euodiae Fructus.Recently,growing evidence has proved that evodiamine has great effects on suppressing cell viability and proliferation,arresting cell cycle,inducing apoptosis,promoting autophagy,inhibiting the formation of microvascular angiogenesis as well as affecting epigenetic modification in cancer.Recent studies have continuously revealed related signal pathways involved in evodiamine such as PI3K-Akt and JAK-STAT pathways,as well as the impact of evodiamine on survivin,vascular endothelial growth factor and miRNAs.With the development and synthesis of evodiamine derivatives and related herbal formulations,the understanding of antitumor activity of evodiamine is gradually deepening.The important clinical significance and market value of evodiamine can be prospected.

Clinical Application of Chinese Patent Medicine Treating Cervical Radiculopathy in Real-world Study / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective: Analyze the clinical application rule of Chinese patent medicine in cervical radiculopathy (CR) .Method: The clinical real-world data of CR were extracted by using information sharing system of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical research. Six hundred and twenty-eight inpatients and out patients with CR were enrolled from December 2012 to July 2014 in the information system database of Wangjing Hospital. The correlation analyses and mutual information value were recorded for Chinese patent medicine therapy application of all patients by using liquorice software. Complex network diagrams were generated. Result: Yuxuebi capsule and Jingshu granule is the highest frequency in application of Chinese patent medicine. Jingshu granule and Cobamamide for injection were the highest frequency in combined application of Chinese patent medicine and western medicine. Association frequency was 822, mutual information value was 268.07. Biqi capsule and Daiwenjiu cream were the highest frequency in combined application of Chinese patent medicine and topical drugs. Association frequency was 384, mutual information value was1754.76. Conclusion: The basic treating principle for CR was promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The efficacy and safety of combined Chinese patent medicine with other medicine need further research

Analysis of Clinical Application and Adverse Reactions of Scopolamine Butylbromide Injection / 中国药师

Objective:To investigate and analyze the clinical application and adverse reactions of scopolamine butylbromide injection to promote the rational use in clinics. Methods:Totally 3695 effective cases treated with scopolamine butylbromide injection were collected from January 2016 to July 2017, and the age, sex, cause of drug use, medication days, combined use, high risk factors, and names, types and clinical manifestations of adverse reactions induced by scopolamine butylbromide were classified and statistically analyzed. Results:The overall incidence of adverse reactions of scopolamine butylbromide was 0.22%. The drug use rate was 44.36% in high-risk patients. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in high-risk patients was 1.83%,and that in low-risk patients was 0.24%, and the difference was 7.63 times. Combined drug use was common, and 1.98% of the combined use had potential drug interactions. Conclusion:The requirements of drug instructions should be strictly followed,and high-risk patients and drug combination should be paid much attention in order to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions and ensure the drug safety.

Recent advances in the antitumor effects of evodiamine / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Evodiamine is the natural component extracted from Euodiae Fructus. Recently, growing evidence has proved that evodiamine has great effects on suppressing cell viability and proliferation, arresting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, promoting autophagy, inhibiting the formation of microvascular angiogenesis as well as affecting epigenetic modification in cancer. Recent studies have continuously revealed related signal pathways involved in evodiamine such as PI3K-Akt and JAK-STAT pathways, as well as the impact of evodiamine on survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor and miRNAs. With the development and synthesis of evodiamine derivatives and related herbal formulations, the understanding of antitumor activity of evodiamine is gradually deepening. The important clinical significance and market value of evodiamine can be prospected.

Protective effects of Shuxuening Injection combined with ganglioside on patients with acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning / 中成药

AIM To investigate the effects of Shuxuening Injection (Ginkgo biloba extract) combined with ganglioside on cerebral oxygen utilization coefficient (O2UCc) and lactate clearance rate (LCR) in patients with acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning (ASCOP).METHODS Two hundred and sixty-two patients with ASCOP treated in emergency department of Harrison International Peace Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University from Mar 2011 to Mar 2016 were randomly divided into control group,Shuxuening Injection group,ganglioside group and Shuxuening Injection combined with ganglioside (combined medication) group.The changes were detected in oxygen saturations of carotid blood and jugular blood,arterial blood lactic acid,O2UCc and LCR in all patients before and 6,24 hours,3 days after the treatment.The clinical symptoms,and the mortality and morbidity of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning after two weeks were observed.RESULTS Total effective rate of the combined medication group was higher than that of the other groups.O2 Ucc at 6,24 hours after the treatment in the combined medication group were significantly lower than those in the other groups,so did the mortality and morbidity of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning,but LCR was significantly higher than that in the other groups.All the differences had statistical significances.CONCLUSION The efficacy of combined medication of Shuxuening Injection and ganglioside in ASCOP patients is better than that of applying single administration separately.

HIS-based analysis of clinical characteristics and combined treatment of Chinese and western medicine in diabetes deaths / 中国中药杂志

To understand the clinical characteristics and distribution of combined treatment of Chinese and western medicine in diabetes deaths, the hospitalization information of diabetes deaths from HIS system of 20 national 3A-grade general hospitals. Then the frequency statistics and association rules analysis were used to analyze the general information, complications, combined treatment, death time and other information of the patients died from diabetes. The results showed that most of the diabetes deaths were of middle aged and elderly people, more often in males than females. The complications with higher incidence included hypertension, pulmonary infection, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and renal inadequacy. In combined treatment rules, western medicines insulin, cefuroxime, furosemide, dopamine, nikethamide and sodium bicarbonate were used in combination at highest frequencies, followed by the combinations of traditional Chinese medicines panax notoginseng, radix bupleuri and western medicines, and the combinations between Chinese medicines had the lowest use frequency. Most of the diabetes deaths were of middle aged and elderly people, more often in males than females. They mainly died from 3 pm to 5 pm and from 5 pm to 7 pm. Therefore, the diabetes deaths often had complications of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and early prevention shall be noted in clinics; the clinical treatment plan was basically in accordance with the guidelines for clinical treatment of diabetes; the drugs with promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and soothing liver-qi stagnation effects were the common Chinese medicines in treatment of diabetes.

The Studies on the Concomitant Diseases and Combined Medication in Patients with Onychomycosis / 대한의진균학회지

OBJECTIVE: We performed this survey to provide the information about how many patients with onychomycosis have concomitant diseases and combined medication and to gauge about the drug interaction risk of antifungal agent. METHOD: The findings presented in this report are based on total 569 onychomycosis patients, with KOH positive, who visited 6 university hospitals from February 2007 to March 2007. RESULT: The patients with onychomycosis had concomitant diseases (43.1%) and used combination medication (36.4%). The majority of the patient have concomitant diseases, such as hypertension (12.2%), diabetic melitus (9.5%) and hyperlipidemia (4.1%), more frequent in elderly patients. Main factor to choose antifungal agent for the cure of onychomycosis is the efficacy of the medication (55%), as well as, the safety and drug interaction risk of antifungal agent, more important in case of the patient taking a variety of concomitant drugs. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that physicians should be aware of the potential interaction of the medications in order to prevent or reduce the burden of adverse events. It is required to have more cautious choice of oral antifungal agent in those patients who are taking combined medications in patients with onycomycosis.

Continuous infusion of propofol combined with midazolam for patients undergoing long-time microsurgeries / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the sedative effect of propofol combined with different doses of midazolam in patients undergoing long-time microsurgeries.Methods Forty ASA(American Society of Anesthesiologists)Ⅰ～Ⅱ patients were randomly divided into 4 groups.Normal saline(NS) 2 mL was administered in groupⅠ,while midazolam 0.01,0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg was administered in groupⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ respectively.one min later,propofol was infused at a rate of 5～10 mg/kg?h combined with midazolam based on the abovementioned dosage per hour for groupⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ respectively.Taking auditory evoked potential index(AAI) as a parameter,after it decreased to 40,the infusion rate of propofol was adjusted to keep AAI at the level of 30～45,and maintained the level by infusing propofol and midazolam for 5 hours.The dosage of propofol required for induction and maintenance was recorded.The emergence time and whether patients had awareness during the operation were recorded after the infusion stopped.Results At the target sedative level of AAI 30～45,the Observer's Assessment of alertness/sedation(OAA/S) score of all patients in the four groups reached 0～1.The induction period was obviously shortened and the propofol dosage was dramatically reduced in group Ⅱ～Ⅳ as compared with groupⅠ.At the stage of maintenance of sedation,the dosages of propofol in both groupⅠandⅡ were larger than those in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ.The emergence time in group Ⅳ was dramatically longer than the other groups(P

Experimental study of the protective effect of combined medication on acute cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo study neural protective effect of combined medication with nimodipine and mannitol on injury of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion for screening the better medication method in acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. MethodsA model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was performed by clipping bilateral common carotid artery of rats with vago- and releasing them 3 hours later. 40 Wistar female rats within 1 month were divided into 5 groups randomly with 8 rats each: model group (no use of medicine), nimodipine group(0.2mg/kg), mannitol group(0.5g/kg), nimodipine and mannitol group, sham-operated group (no use of medicine and no clipping process). The changes of SOD and MDA in brain tissue were measured 24 hours after cerebral ischmic reperfusion in all groups. At the same time pathologic study was performed to compare the different groups.ResultsThere were significant differences between nimodipine and mannitol group and other groups in changes of SOD, MDA and pathological changes(P<0.01). Conclusions Combined medication with nimodipine and mannitol is the better way to protect brain tissue from acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion than other way in present experiment, by synergistic action.